Nasu: Suitcase no Wataridori

Goddamn has a similar atmosphere to Nasu despite being set on a different continent and being about car, as opposed to bicycle racing, although they are more than a decade apart. In comparison to Nasu it isn't quite as 'existential' as the latter half of the cycling story turned out to be, but as usual all have differing focus. 

If you're interested in a show about cycling, Yowamushi Pedal and the Nasu franchise are both good choices. Nasu: A Migratory Bird's Suitcase is a little under an hour long, but it's a good watch and great for if you like competitive sports, whether or not they're the contact type. Yowamushi Pedal is also a good choice if you're looking for more material to watch, as it's a two-cour TV series. 

Both about challenge and pushing yourself to the limit. Same sport. Over Drive is a TV series. Nasu - A Migratory Bird with Suitcase - an OVA, which has a prequel movie (better to watch it first): Nasu - the Summer of Andalusia. If you enjoy riding your bike and also love challenges - these animes are for you.